An Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation research librarian asked OSHA whether a qualified trainer could conduct the practical evaluation of powered industrial truck (forklift) operators using live-streaming technology, such as through cell phones, tablets, or computers, instead of observing in person.
OSHA answered no. Under 29 CFR 1910.178(l)(2)(i)(A), trainees may operate powered industrial trucks only under the 'direct supervision' of a qualified individual. OSHA interprets direct supervision to mean the qualified trainer 'must be physically located at the location where any practical training and evaluation takes place.' A trainer watching through a screen does not satisfy that requirement.
The agency also noted that the practical training and evaluation content of the standard is 'performance-oriented,' which allows employers flexibility in how they verify that operators have successfully completed both the classroom and practical training elements — but the in-person supervision requirement for hands-on operation still applies (29 CFR 1910.178(l)(2)(ii) and (iii)).